BUN test cost in Austin, TX
In Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX, 30 hospitals list a cash price for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test: from $4.35 to $532.00, with a median of $64.26. The lowest listed price is at The Hospital at Westlake Medical Center — $59.91 less than the median here. Across Texas, the median is $58.80 at 292 hospitals.
Cash prices at 30 facilities across 12 cities for code 84520, as an outpatient — the setting a self-pay patient normally buys. Collected Sep 29, 2026; the hospital files themselves were last updated between Mar 5, 2026 and Sep 1, 2026.
Where each hospital's price falls
Each dot is one hospital's cash price on a scale from the lowest to the highest in Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX.
Hospitals, cheapest first
| Hospital | Cash price | List price | Insurers pay | Off list | File date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Hospital at Westlake Medical Center lowest Austin, TX · (512) 327-0000 FLUID UREA NITROGEN | $4.35 | $28.80 | $3.32–$20.16 | 85% | — source file |
| The Hospital at Westlake Medical Center lowest Austin, TX · (512) 327-0000 BLOOD UREA NITROGEN | $4.35 | $28.80 | $3.32–$20.16 | 85% | — source file |
| Texas Children's Hospital - Austin Austin, TX · (832) 824-1100 TC UREA NITROGEN QUANTITATIVE, WHOLE BLOOD | $38.86 | $58.00 | $3.95–$55.10 | 33% | Mar 5, 2026 source file |
| Texas Children's Hospital - Austin Austin, TX · (832) 824-1100 TC UREA NITROGEN, BODY FLUID | $42.21 | $63.00 | $3.95–$59.85 | 33% | Mar 5, 2026 source file |
| Texas Children's Hospital - Austin Austin, TX · (832) 824-1100 TC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - SERUM QUANT | $44.22 | $66.00 | $3.95–$62.70 | 33% | Mar 5, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $3.32–$67.50 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $5.79–$60.00 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $3.32–$56.25 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $3.32–$56.25 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $4.15–$48.75 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $3.32–$67.50 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC REF ARUP COMP 2005661, CPT 84520 | $45.00 | $75.00 | $3.32–$67.50 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Ascension Seton Edgar B Davis Luling, TX · (830) 875-7000 BUN | $47.61 | $132.25 | $3.32–$59.51 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Edgar B Davis Luling, TX · (830) 875-7000 BUN BF | $47.61 | $132.25 | $3.32–$59.51 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Edgar B Davis Luling, TX · (830) 875-7000 BUN | $47.61 | $132.25 | $3.32–$59.51 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Edgar B Davis Luling, TX · (830) 875-7000 BUN BF | $47.61 | $132.25 | $3.32–$59.51 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Hays Kyle, TX · (512) 324-5000 BUN BF | $61.74 | $171.50 | $3.32–$77.17 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Hays Kyle, TX · (512) 324-5000 BUN BF | $61.74 | $171.50 | $3.32–$77.17 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Hays Kyle, TX · (512) 324-5000 BUN | $61.74 | $171.50 | $3.32–$77.17 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Hays Kyle, TX · (512) 324-5000 BUN | $61.74 | $171.50 | $3.32–$77.17 | 64% | — source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Austin Austin, TX · (512) 654-2100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Lakeway Lakeway, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Taylor Taylor, TX · (512) 352-7611 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $5.79–$84.67 | 40% | Jun 12, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Buda Buda, TX · (737) 999-6200 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$79.38 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Pflugerville Pflugerville, TX · (512) 654-6100 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Emergency Medical Center - Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $4.15–$68.80 | 40% | Jun 3, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN - QUANTITATIVE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN), | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POC | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), POST DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN), PRE DIALYSIS | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Round Rock Round Rock, TX · (512) 509-0401 HC UREA NITROGEN (BUN) - OVERNIGHT EXCHANGE DIALYSATE | $63.50 | $105.84 | $3.32–$95.26 | 40% | Jun 13, 2026 source file |
| Ascension Seton Smithville Smithville, TX · (512) 237-3214 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Smithville Smithville, TX · (512) 237-3214 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Medical Center Austin Austin, TX · (512) 324-1000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Southwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-9000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Southwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-9000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Smithville Smithville, TX · (512) 237-3214 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Southwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-9000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Medical Center Austin Austin, TX · (512) 324-1000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Tx Austin, TX · (512) 324-7000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Tx Austin, TX · (512) 324-7000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Tx Austin, TX · (512) 324-7000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Tx Austin, TX · (512) 324-7000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Smithville Smithville, TX · (512) 237-3214 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Northwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-6000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Northwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-6000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Northwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-6000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Northwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-6000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Medical Center Austin Austin, TX · (512) 324-1000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Medical Center Austin Austin, TX · (512) 324-1000 BUN | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Southwest Austin, TX · (512) 324-9000 BUN BF | $64.26 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 528-7000 UREA NITROGEN,QUAN | $75.09 | $208.58 | $3.32–$93.86 | 64% | — source file |
| Ascension Cedar Park Cedar Park, TX · (512) 528-7000 UREA NITROGEN,QUAN | $75.09 | $208.58 | $3.32–$93.86 | 64% | — source file |
| Warm Springs Rehabilitation Hospital of Kyle Kyle, TX Urea Nitrogen | $113.75 | $113.75 | $2.96–$102.38 | — | Aug 6, 2026 source file |
| PAM Rehabilitation Hospital of Round Rock Round Rock, TX Urea Nitrogen | $113.75 | $113.75 | $2.96–$102.38 | — | Aug 6, 2026 source file |
| Ascension Seton Austin, TX BUN | $124.95 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 30% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Austin, TX BUN BF | $124.95 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 30% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Austin, TX BUN | $124.95 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 30% | — source file |
| Ascension Seton Austin, TX BUN BF | $124.95 | $178.50 | $3.32–$80.33 | 30% | — source file |
| Pam Specialty Hospital of Luling Luling, TX Urea Nitrogen | $143.25 | $143.25 | $2.96–$128.93 | — | Aug 6, 2026 source file |
| Heart Hosp of Austin Austin, TX BUN | $306.00 | $306.00 | $15.30–$260.10 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| Heart Hosp of Austin at St. David's Round Rock Round Rock, TX BUN | $306.00 | $306.00 | $15.30–$260.10 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's Georgetown Hospital Georgetown, TX · (512) 476-7111 BUN | $306.00 | $306.00 | $206.24 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's Medical Center Austin, TX · (512) 476-7111 BUN | $306.00 | $306.00 | $15.30–$275.40 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St Davids Rehab Austin, TX BUN | $306.00 | $306.00 | $206.24 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's North Austin Medical Center Austin, TX · (512) 901-1000 BUN | $406.00 | $406.00 | $269.99 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St.davids Surgical Hospital Austin, TX BUN | $406.00 | $406.00 | $20.30–$345.10 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's North Austin Medical Center Austin, TX · (512) 901-1000 UREA NITROGEN OTHER | $431.00 | $431.00 | $297.39 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St.davids Surgical Hospital Austin, TX UREA NITROGEN OTHER | $431.00 | $431.00 | $286.62 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's Round Rock Medical Center Pflugerville, TX · (512) 341-1000 BUN | $437.00 | $437.00 | $294.54 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
| St. David's South Austin Medical Center Bastrop, TX · (512) 448-7107 BUN | $532.00 | $532.00 | $26.60–$532.00 | — | Sep 1, 2026 source file |
Outpatient: lowest $4.35, median $64.26, highest $532.00 — a 122.3× difference within the same market.
As an inpatient, the same code is billed by 20 facilities here, median $63.00. Inpatient and outpatient prices are not comparable and are kept on separate pages: the inpatient charge covers admission, not the same purchase.
Cash or insurance?
At 17 of 30 hospitals that publish insurer rates for this code here, the cash price is below the highest rate a health plan has negotiated, and at none is it below every plan's rate. If you have insurance but have not met your deductible, you usually pay your plan's negotiated rate, which falls somewhere in the "Insurers pay" column. Paying cash can cost less, but a cash payment usually does not count toward your deductible. Ask the hospital for both numbers before you book.
What it is
A BUN test measures urea nitrogen, a waste product removed by the kidneys. It is used with creatinine to check kidney function and hydration.
What the price covers
The price usually covers running the test. The blood draw (36415) is often billed as a separate line.